Election related disputes and political violence strengthening the role of the african union in preventing, managing, and resolving conflict report of the au panel of the wise. Mediating postelectoral violence in kenya, 20072008. At least 24 reportedly killed in kenya postelection violence. Violence, hate speech and vernacular radio by keith somerville, lecturer in journalism, ba honours journalism. Election report kenya 2017 general and presidential. Postelection violence in kenya and its aftermath center. Commission of inquiry into the post election violence. Mapping, evolution and patterns june 2006 may 2014 executive summary an analysis of the nigeria watch database for the period between june 2006 and may 2014 revealed 915 fatal incidents related to elections. In a brave act of defiance, posters of morgan tsvangirai hang on the wall of a hut burnt by zanu pf supporters in shamva, april 2008 solidarity peace trust 21 may 2008 johannesburg 1. Oct 28, 2018 browse kenya postelection violence news, research and analysis from the conversation. The iebc was forced to revert back to the manual tallying system that.
Final report, commission of inquiry into the post election violence cipev, 2008. Causes and effects of postelection violence on agricultural. Methodology focus of the study was restricted on the role played by women in conflict management following the 20072008 post election violence. Kriegler report summarised version kriegler and waki reports on 2007 elections v list of acronyms aids acquired immune deficiency syndrome ap administration police cipev commission of inquiry into post election violence creaw centre for rights education and awareness csos civil society organizations eck electoral commission of kenya fida federation of women lawyers. Causes of electoral violence in africa written by ngah gabriel sous dir. The international media looks at this crisis through the lenses of ethnic cleansing and a fight for tribal supremacy between the luo and the kikuyu. The postelection violence was the culmination of a. The report of the commission of inquiry into the post election violence, also.
Commission of inquiry into the post election violence cipev final report. Nature of the violence the majority of kenyas post election violence took place in january and february, 2008. Post election violence has become an increasingly observable phenomenon. Kenya postelection violence news, research and analysis. Johann kriegler, the commissions report recommended sweeping reforms to. Victims still seeking justice for the postelection. What are the latest theories of political and electoral violence. November 2002 overview violence in insiza constituency reportedly continued unabated in the post election period, as zanu pf supporters and youth militia intensified their efforts to rid the area of mdc supporters. The fighting resulted in 1,3 casualties, at least 350,000 internally displaced persons idps, approximately 2,000 refugees, significant, but unknown, numbers of sexual violence victims, and the destruction of 117,216 private properties and 491 governmentowned properties including. Failures to make these distinctions in analysis and evaluation risk distorting estimations of the potential for future violence, potential triggers, and underlying conflict drivers.
Post election violence in context as elections in africa have become more competitive, they, and their aftermath, have also become more. Free and fair elections, accompanied by smooth transitions of democraticallyelected leaders, constitute one of the key pillars of democracy but elections in africa have consistently been violent before, during and after the actual voting. By midjanuary, six hundred kenyans lay dead in an unprecedented orgy of post election violence. As i detail in this book, more than half of all elections held in africa experience some form of violence or intimidation either.
The kriegler report commissioned after the 20078 violence by the kenyan. A woman stands behind policemen during post election clashes, in nairobis kibera slum. Postelection political violence 3 2 summary of recommendations the following is a summary of article 19s recommendations for action to end the culture of impunity and disregard for human rights, including freedom of. The 2007 postelection violence in kenya, however, was of a different magnitude.
The waki report commission of inquiry into postelection. Review commission report ireckriegler commission government of kenya. Kenya will hold general elections on 08 august where many fear the possible post election violence. The postelection violence, or pev as it has come to be known, shook kenya to its core and placed it at risk of succumbing to the same fate as so many of its neighborscivil war.
The kenyan commission of inquiry into postelection violence background the commission of inquiry into postelection violence cipev was the outcome of the kenya national dialogue and reconciliation accord of february 28, 2008, negotiated by kofi annan and the panel of eminent african personalities, and its sister agreement of. Another way violence and elections are linked in the postconflict environment is through analyses of political actors. It monitors government institutions, carries out investigations on alleged human rights violations, and in appropriate cases provides redress to those whose rights have been violated. The report however did not publicly disclose the alleged perpetrators in the report handed to the president. The announcement of the results of the 27 december 2007 general election in kenya triggered widespread violence, resulting in the deaths of over a thousand people, thousands of people being injured, and several hundreds of thousands of people being. Since independence, kenya had been largely peaceful, so what caused the 2007 post election violence. Kriegler report summarised version kriegler and waki reports on 2007 elections v list of acronyms aids acquired immune deficiency syndrome ap administration police cipev commission of inquiry into post election violence. Background on the postelection crisis in kenya center for. We show that the election violence in pre and post election periods are related but follow distinct logics. Jan 02, 2008 kenyas post election violence kills hundreds kenyas disputed presidential election triggers an explosion of violence that has killed more than 275 people, including dozens burned alive as they. Ghosts of 2007 chaos abound, but police downplay alarm bell.
Kenya article 19 defending freedom of expression and. Kenyas post election incident and the international. The legacy of colonialism on kenyas fragile democracy. The kenyan commission of inquiry into postelection violence.
Disputed vote plunges kenya into bloodshed the new york times. While the kriegler report recommended that commissioners be in office at least. The commission gives advice to the kenyan government on how to enhance the promotion and protection of human rights. Most of the violence occurred after the election, as the results of the presidential poll began to become. The kenyan governments continued failure to properly investigate crimes committed during the 20072008 postelection violence and to provide justice and reparation for its victims is having a devastating impact on their lives and livelihoods, amnesty international said in a new report published today.
Kenya has been riddled with conflict and violence throughout its brief history as a nation. They were men in uniform 2 accountable, and ensure survivors of sexual violence have access to comprehensive, quality, and timely post rape care. I am researching political and electoral violence and i need latest electoral violence theories propounded from 2011 to date because all the theories accessible to me are from 2010 and earlier and. Towards a comparative framework nicole stremlau and monroe e. Causes of electoral violence in africa written by ngah. In this report, focus is on new trends and patterns on election violence since the release of presidential election results on 2 may 2008. Kriegler report kenya national commission on human rights. Wikileaks previously released the list of alleged perpetrators as kenyan election violence alleged perpetrators 2008 following a political settlement between kibaki and odinga, brokered by former united nation secretary general kofi annan, a national accord was signed on february 28th 2008 ending most of the violence. Preventing mass violence does not mean that election related violence was absent in kenya, or that elections are peaceful. This research seeks to examine the causes and effects of post election violence on agricultural production in kesses division, uasin gishu county. The commission of inquiry on post election violence 2009 that investigated kenyas 200708 post election violence attributed the countrys history of electoral violence to a combination of longstanding conflict drivers. A gender audit of kenya s 20 election process viii minimum is observed and women make up exactly one third of such bodies not a woman more or less. Preventing postelection violence based on the kenyan experience. Over individuals were killed and 600,000 were displaced during post election violence pev in kenya in 2008.
The consequences of postelection violence on antiretroviral. Commission of inquiry into the postelection violence of 20072008. The 20072008 post election violence, which left 1,000 dead after a brutal police response to protests and ethnic killings, shut down international road links and slowed cargo shipments at mombasa port to a trickle. A report released on 15 october 2008 by the commission of inquiry into post election violence cipev, established to investigate the facts and circumstances surrounding the violence, the conduct of state security agencies in their handling of it, and to make recommendations concerning these and other matters. Background on the postelection crisis in kenya center. Electoral mismanagement and postelection violence in kenya the kriegler and waki commissions of inquiry. Preventing postelection violence based on the kenyan.
Established in the aftermath of the harrowing events of the 20072008 post election violence, the tjrc was tasked with inquiring into gross violations of human rights and. Post election violence has a global footprint and a global impact, and as such, it is necessary to. However, when crimes against humanity were alleged to have been committed in kenya during the 20072008 post election violence, a promising road map for criminal accountability was agreed upon alongside a political solution. Cipev commission of inquiry into the post election violence ceo chief executive officer dfid department for international development. Aug 06, 2009 background on the post election crisis in kenya. The violence is significant because it is representative of broader groups, and increasing instances of dissension after 2007 seem to have the potential to foment future violence.
Post election procedures, including swearingin and assumption of office, dispute. Conflict analysis of 2007 postelection violence in kenya. In our analysis, this paper provisions give eck the in. Violence, land, and the upcoming vote in kenyas laikipia region. There was also no manual marking of voters on a paper voter register. First is the perception of historic marginalization by certain ethnic groups as a consequence of. Cipev report pdf kriegler and waki reports on elections v. The kriegler commission submitted its voluminous 401page report on 17 september. Aug 12, 2017 at least 24 reportedly killed in kenya post election violence. According to the kriegler report, the electoral commission was required to outsource the selection of key temporary personnel to thirdparty. Zimbabwe human rights ngo forum political violence report. Government printer, government of kenya, 17 september 2008. Ethical media practice is important because of its high level of public impact.
The research did not include terrorist attacks by islamic or militant groups with. Aug, 2017 kenya death toll rises in post election violence. Prior to the post election violence, about 800 rural households in central and western regions of kenya were interviewed twice in a panel survey yamano et al. Using round 5 afrobarometer survey data from 35 african coun. The commission of inquiry into postelection violence, called the waki. More than 250,000 people were internally displaced, made refugees in their own country. Challenges and opportunities september 2011 background from the 1950s through to the 1970s, decolonization swept across africa.
Groups wielding power in the wartime environment may be threatened with potential loss of power in new an electoral political system, encouraging spoiler behavior including violence hoglund, jarstad, and kovacs 2009, 540. This report is a followup to the zpp post election violence report no. The post election violence report by waki commission, commonly known as the waki report, was handed over to president mwai kibaki and prime minister raila odinga on 15 october 2008. The names of top politicians, businessmen and government officials accused in the violence hold immense power and may be very difficult to prosecute them, leave alone reveal their. The 2007 general elections in kenya were fiercely disputed and triggered widespread violence throughout the country. Violence and coercion became a common means of changing. Since the constitutional referendum in 2005, political discourse in kenya had been. Kenya death toll rises in postelection violence financial. The existence and destructive force of post election violence challenges political transitions, aspects of nationbuilding, and notions of democratization itself. Full kenyan post election violence report 2008 wikileaks. Comparing theory and reality gregory wallsworth september 25, 2015 abstract various studies on election violence in africa have found violence to mar as high as eightypercent of african elections. First is the perception of historic marginalization by certain ethnic groups as a. Compared to many other african countries, kenya was largely considered a success story up until the events of 2008, its postcolonial. Aug 11, 2009 nature of the violence the majority of kenyas post election violence took place in january and february, 2008.
Report on postelection violence the new york times. Origins and response the april 2011 elections were considered to be one of nigerias fairest polls. In this paper, i perform an analysis of the conflict to examine why widespread violence erupted in the wake of kibakis presidential reelection. The kriegler report could trace some aspects of the violence to. In the spirit of this road map, the author analyzes the post election violence in kenya from a legal point of view. Kenya, one of africas most vibrant democracies, has a history of election related violence.
Ethics involves what is right, equitable, fair, just, dutiful andor responsible. Since independence, kenya has had a difficult road to democratic consolidation, and the coalition government currently in power is fragile and stalemated on a range of key reforms. And, just maybe, sadc would own up to the principles that it promulgated so piously in 2005, and start to insist. The impact of the 20072008 post election violence on women. Violence, land, and the upcoming vote in kenyas laikipia. Antiretroviral therapy art depends on continuous access to medications which may have been interrupted due to pev. Electoral mismanagement and postelection violence in. In its report the kriegler commission discusses in great detail what transpired during those critical days but failed, by its own admission, to reconstruct what had happened and to put the record straight.
The central isiolo region, a pastoralist dryland has been a hotspot of violence in recent years sharamo, 2014, p. To break the cycle of impunity which is at the heart of the post election violence, the report recommends the. Our argument is tested with crossnational evidence on elections, government use of pre and post election violence, and post election protests from 1981 to 2006, and illustrative case studies from iran and zimbabwe. Kenyas post election incident and the international criminal court trial. These are the figures reported by the republic of kenya, report of the commission of inquiry into post election violence cipev, nairobi. Oct 15, 2008 the waki report seems to have highlighted most of the factors that led to the post election violence in kenya. Kenyas post election violence had spawned comparisons with the 1994 genocide in rwanda. A general update on kenyas search for accountability for the post. Jul 18, 2009 the staterun human rights agency released a report on friday naming more than 200 suspects, including several highranking ministers, as the perpetrators of the post election violence that killed. Violence and the vote understanding electoral violence in. The recent 2016 post election crisis in gabon12 that left scores dead seems to shows that electoral violence is an intractable phenomenon on the. The politics of criminal accountability for post election violence in kenya stephen brown with chandra lekha sriram 1 this is the preprint version of an article that will appear in african affairs, vol. Kriegler and waki reports on 2007 elections 5 stitutional.